```{r echo=FALSE}
# Table 4.1. Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants, by Sector, by Predominant Energy Sources within Plant, 2003 through 2013
# Markdown report written in R by Eric N Johnson, Focus | Numeric
# See http://FocusNumeric.net/ElectricPowerIndustry.html
# Usage in R GUI:  render("ElectricPowerIndustryPlants.Rmd", output_format="pdf_document",output_file=paste("Whatever", Sys.Date(), ".pdf"))

	require(rmarkdown)
	require(xtable)
	require(knitr)
	require(psych)
	require(colorRamps)

# Data found at:  http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data.cfm
# See "Generation and thermal output"
# The data was made R-ready by putting each category in a CSV file.
# R can pull data right off the web - but I'd rather work with a local copy of it.

# Define constants

firstYear <- 2003
lastYear <- 2013
colors <- green2red(7)


```

```{r echo=FALSE}
# Import each of the sets for use

AllSectors <- read.csv("AllSectors.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
ElectricUtilities <- read.csv("ElectricUtilities.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
CommercialSector <- read.csv("CommercialSector.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
IndustrialSector <- read.csv("IndustrialSector.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
Independent_Combined <- read.csv("Independent_Combined.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
Independent_NonCombined <- read.csv("Independent_NonCombined.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
CommercialSector <- read.csv("CommercialSector.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
IndustrialSector <- read.csv("IndustrialSector.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
CoalData <- read.csv("CoalData.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
GreenhouseGases <- read.csv("GreenhouseGases2.csv", header=TRUE, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)


# Define vectors for plotting and analysis.  Note:  These were created by a little script I wrote. 

Years <- seq(firstYear,lastYear,1)
# All sectors
AllSect.Coal <- AllSectors$Coal[1:11]
AllSect.Petrol <- AllSectors$Petroleum[1:11]
AllSect.NGas <- AllSectors$Natural.Gas[1:11]
AllSect.OGas <- AllSectors$Other.Gases[1:11]
AllSect.Nuke <- AllSectors$Nuclear[1:11]
AllSect.Hydro <- AllSectors$Hydroelectric.Conventional[1:11]
AllSect.ORenewable <- AllSectors$Other.Renewables[1:11]
AllSect.HydroPS <- AllSectors$Hydroelectric.Pumped.Storage[1:11]
AllSect.OSources <- AllSectors$Other.Energy.Sources[1:11]
# Electric Utilities
ElecUtils.Coal <- ElectricUtilities$Coal[1:11]
ElecUtils.Petrol <- ElectricUtilities$Petroleum[1:11]
ElecUtils.NGas <- ElectricUtilities$Natural.Gas[1:11]
ElecUtils.OGas <- ElectricUtilities$Other.Gases[1:11]
ElecUtils.Nuke <- ElectricUtilities$Nuclear[1:11]
ElecUtils.Hydro <- ElectricUtilities$Hydroelectric.Conventional[1:11]
ElecUtils.ORenewable <- ElectricUtilities$Other.Renewables[1:11]
ElecUtils.HydroPS <- ElectricUtilities$Hydroelectric.Pumped.Storage[1:11]
ElecUtils.OSources <- ElectricUtilities$Other.Energy.Sources[1:11]
# Commerical Sector
ComSect.Coal <- CommercialSector$Coal[1:11]
ComSect.Petrol <- CommercialSector$Petroleum[1:11]
ComSect.NGas <- CommercialSector$Natural.Gas[1:11]
ComSect.OGas <- CommercialSector$Other.Gases[1:11]
ComSect.Nuke <- CommercialSector$Nuclear[1:11]
ComSect.Hydro <- CommercialSector$Hydroelectric.Conventional[1:11]
ComSect.ORenewable <- CommercialSector$Other.Renewables[1:11]
ComSect.HydroPS <- CommercialSector$Hydroelectric.Pumped.Storage[1:11]
ComSect.OSources <- CommercialSector$Other.Energy.Sources[1:11]
# Industrial Sector
IndustSect.Coal <- IndustrialSector$Coal[1:11]
IndustSect.Petrol <- IndustrialSector$Petroleum[1:11]
IndustSect.NGas <- IndustrialSector$Natural.Gas[1:11]
IndustSect.OGas <- IndustrialSector$Other.Gases[1:11]
IndustSect.Nuke <- IndustrialSector$Nuclear[1:11]
IndustSect.Hydro <- IndustrialSector$Hydroelectric.Conventional[1:11]
IndustSect.ORenewable <- IndustrialSector$Other.Renewables[1:11]
IndustSect.HydroPS <- IndustrialSector$Hydroelectric.Pumped.Storage[1:11]
IndustSect.OSources <- IndustrialSector$Other.Energy.Sources[1:11]
# Independent Combined
IndepComb.Coal <- Independent_Combined$Coal[1:11]
IndepComb.Petrol <- Independent_Combined$Petroleum[1:11]
IndepComb.NGas <- Independent_Combined$Natural.Gas[1:11]
IndepComb.OGas <- Independent_Combined$Other.Gases[1:11]
IndepComb.Nuke <- Independent_Combined$Nuclear[1:11]
IndepComb.Hydro <- Independent_Combined$Hydroelectric.Conventional[1:11]
IndepComb.ORenewable <- Independent_Combined$Other.Renewables[1:11]
IndepComb.HydroPS <- Independent_Combined$Hydroelectric.Pumped.Storage[1:11]
IndepComb.OSources <- Independent_Combined$Other.Energy.Sources[1:11]
# Independent Non-Combined
IndepNComb.Coal <- Independent_NonCombined$Coal[1:11]
IndepNComb.Petrol <- Independent_NonCombined$Petroleum[1:11]
IndepNComb.NGas <- Independent_NonCombined$Natural.Gas[1:11]
IndepNComb.OGas <- Independent_NonCombined$Other.Gases[1:11]
IndepNComb.Nuke <- Independent_NonCombined$Nuclear[1:11]
IndepNComb.Hydro <- Independent_NonCombined$Hydroelectric.Conventional[1:11]
IndepNComb.ORenewable <- Independent_NonCombined$Other.Renewables[1:11]
IndepNComb.HydroPS <- Independent_NonCombined$Hydroelectric.Pumped.Storage[1:11]
IndepNComb.OSources <- Independent_NonCombined$Other.Energy.Sources[1:11]
# Coal Data
Coal.Thousands.Tons <- CoalData$Receipts.Thousand.Tons[1:11]
Coal.Sulfer.Percent <- CoalData$Mean.Sulfur.Percent.By.Weight[1:11]
Coal.Mean.Dollars.MMBtu <- CoalData$Mean.Dollars.per.MMBtu[1:11]
Coal.Mean.Dollars.Ton <- CoalData$Mean.Dollars.per.Ton[1:11]
# Greenhouse Gases
# Named with R prefix to avoid conflicting with built-in R datasets
RCO2 <- as.numeric(GreenhouseGases$CO2[1:11])
RSO2 <- as.numeric(GreenhouseGases$SO2[1:11])
RNOx <- as.numeric(GreenhouseGases$NOx[1:11])

```

```{r echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# For debugging, if necessary.
#print(AllSect.Coal)
#print(AllSect.Petrol)
#print(AllSect.NGas)
#print(AllSect.OGas)
#print(AllSect.Nuke)
#print(AllSect.Hydro)
#print(AllSect.ORenewable)
#print(AllSect.HydroPS)
#print(AllSect.OSources)

```

**Electric Power Industry Plant Analysis**   
[Data Sources available Here](http://www.eia.gov/electricity/data.cfm)  
Produced with R, Markdown, and  \LaTeX
  
*Eric Johnson : [Focus | Numeric](http://focusnumeric.net)*  

**Electric Power Industry Power Plants by Predominant Energy Sources within Plant**   
**2003 through 2013**  
  
***All Sources***  
  
1. Coal is still the dominant energy source for industry power plants in spite of a drop of `r abs(AllSect.Coal[11]-AllSect.Coal[1])` coal-powered plants between 2003 and 2013.
2. The number of both petroleum and nuclear power plants dropped.
3. The number of natural gas, other gas, conventional and pumped storage hydroelectric, other, and other renewables increased.
4. Other renewable sources had the largest increase, with  `r abs(AllSect.ORenewable[11]-AllSect.ORenewable[1])` added units, over this period.
  
In 2013, there were

*  `r AllSect.Coal[11]` coal plants,
*  `r AllSect.Petrol[11]` petroleum plants,
*  `r AllSect.NGas[11]` natural gas plants,
*  `r AllSect.Nuke[11]` nuclear power plants,
*  `r AllSect.Hydro[11]` conventional hydroelectric plants,
*  `r AllSect.ORenewable[11]` other renewable plants,
*  `r AllSect.HydroPS[11]` pumped storage hydroelectric plants, and
*  `r AllSect.OSources[11]` other plants  

in operation.  


```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# All sectors	
	
    plot(Years, AllSect.Coal, main="All Sectors", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col="black", axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(0,650))
	lines(Years, AllSect.Coal, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Coal, pch=0, bg="black")
	lines(Years, AllSect.Petrol, col=colors[1], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Petrol, pch=1, bg=colors[1])
	lines(Years, AllSect.NGas, col=colors[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.NGas, pch=2, bg=colors[2])
	lines(Years, AllSect.OGas, col=colors[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.OGas, pch=5, bg=colors[3])
	lines(Years, AllSect.Nuke, col=colors[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colors[4])
	lines(Years, AllSect.Hydro, col=colors[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colors[5])
	lines(Years, AllSect.ORenewable, col=colors[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colors[6])
	lines(Years, AllSect.HydroPS, col=colors[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colors[7])
	lines(Years, AllSect.OSources, col="blue", lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.OSources, pch=24, bg="blue")
	legend("left", inset=.05, title="Source",
   c("Coal","Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=c("black",colors,"blue"), horiz=FALSE)
    box()
```

The average rate of change for each type of plant per year were as follows:

*  `r (AllSect.Coal[11]-AllSect.Coal[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` coal plants / year,
*  `r (AllSect.Petrol[11]-AllSect.Petrol[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` petroleum plants / year,
*  `r (AllSect.NGas[11]-AllSect.NGas[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` natural gas plants / year,
*  `r (AllSect.Nuke[11]-AllSect.Nuke[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` nuclear power plants / year,
*  `r (AllSect.Hydro[11]-AllSect.Hydro[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` conventional hydroelectric plants / year,
*  `r (AllSect.ORenewable[11]-AllSect.ORenewable[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` other renewable plants / year,
*  `r (AllSect.HydroPS[11]-AllSect.HydroPS[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` pumped storage hydroelectric plants / year, and
*  `r (AllSect.OSources[11]-AllSect.OSources[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1])` other plants / year.    
  
Changes in the number of plants can be more easily seen when coal is removed.  
  

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# All sectors, coal excluded  
  
    plot(Years, AllSect.Petrol, main="All Sectors, Coal Excluded", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col=colors[1], axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(20,80))
	lines(Years, AllSect.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Petrol, pch=0, bg=colors[1])
	lines(Years, AllSect.NGas, col=colors[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.NGas, pch=2, bg=colors[2])
	lines(Years, AllSect.OGas, col=colors[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.OGas, pch=5, bg=colors[3])
	lines(Years, AllSect.Nuke, col=colors[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colors[4])
	lines(Years, AllSect.Hydro, col=colors[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colors[5])
	lines(Years, AllSect.ORenewable, col=colors[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colors[6])
	lines(Years, AllSect.HydroPS, col=colors[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colors[7])
	lines(Years, AllSect.OSources, col="blue", lwd=3)
	lines(Years, AllSect.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, AllSect.OSources, pch=24, bg="blue")
    box()
```

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

	plot(8, 8, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE, xlim=c(0, 100), ylim = c(0,100))
	legend("center", inset=.05, title="Legend", c("Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=c(colors,"blue"), horiz=FALSE)
	
```

\pagebreak

***Electric Utilities***

---------

1. Hydroelectric, petroleum, and natural gas plants dominate electric utilities.
2. The number of coal plants has dropped somewhat over the period from 2003 to 2013, from `r ElecUtils.Coal[1]` to `r ElecUtils.Coal[11]` plants.
3. Other renewable sources had the largest increase in plants with an increase of `r ElecUtils.OSources[11]-ElecUtils.OSources[1]` plants.
  
In 2013, there are `r ElecUtils.Coal[11]` coal plants, `r ElecUtils.Petrol[11]` petroleum plants, `r ElecUtils.NGas[11]` natural gas plants, `r ElecUtils.Nuke[11]` nuclear power plants, `r ElecUtils.Hydro[11]` conventional hydroelectric plants, `r ElecUtils.ORenewable[11]` other renewable plants, `r ElecUtils.HydroPS[11]` pumped storage hydroelectric plants, and `r ElecUtils.OSources[11]` other plants  in operation at electric utilities.  

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# Electric Utilities	
# color pattern is "matlab.like" from colorRamps package
colorsEU <- matlab.like(9)
allUtils <- c(ElecUtils.Coal, ElecUtils.Petrol, ElecUtils.NGas, ElecUtils.OGas, ElecUtils.Nuke, ElecUtils.Hydro, ElecUtils.HydroPS, ElecUtils.ORenewable, ElecUtils.OSources)
maxValue <- max(allUtils)
minValue <- min(allUtils)
	
    plot(Years, ElecUtils.Coal, main="Electric Utilities", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col=colorsEU[1], axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(minValue,maxValue))
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Coal, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.Coal, pch=0, bg=colorsEU[1])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Petrol, col=colorsEU[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.Petrol, pch=1, bg=colorsEU[2])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.NGas, col=colorsEU[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.NGas, pch=2, bg=colorsEU[3])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.OGas, col=colorsEU[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.OGas, pch=5, bg=colorsEU[4])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Nuke, col=colorsEU[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colorsEU[5])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Hydro, col=colorsEU[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colorsEU[6])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.ORenewable, col=colorsEU[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colorsEU[7])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.HydroPS, col=colorsEU[8], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colorsEU[8])
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.OSources, col=colorsEU[9], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ElecUtils.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, ElecUtils.OSources, pch=24, bg=colorsEU[9])
    box()
```
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

	plot(8, 8, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE, xlim=c(0, 100), ylim = c(0,100))
	legend("left", inset=.05, title="Source", c("Coal","Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=colorsEU, horiz=FALSE)
	
```

\pagebreak


***Industrial Sector***

---------

1.  The industrial sector saw a drop of `r abs(IndustSect.NGas[11]-IndustSect.NGas[1])` natural gas units over the period from 2003 to 2013.
2.  Other renewable sources increased from `r IndustSect.ORenewable[1]` plants in 2003 to `r IndustSect.ORenewable[11]` plants in 2013.
  
In 2013, there are `r IndustSect.Coal[11]` coal plants, `r IndustSect.Petrol[11]` petroleum plants, `r IndustSect.NGas[11]` natural gas plants, `r IndustSect.Nuke[11]` nuclear power plants, `r IndustSect.Hydro[11]` conventional hydroelectric plants, `r IndustSect.ORenewable[11]` other renewable plants, `r IndustSect.HydroPS[11]` pumped storage hydroelectric plants, and `r IndustSect.OSources[11]` other plants  in operation at electric utilities.  

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# Industrial Sector	
# color pattern is "matlab.like" from colorRamps package
colorsEU <- matlab.like(9)
allIndust <- c(IndustSect.Coal, IndustSect.Petrol, IndustSect.NGas, IndustSect.OGas, IndustSect.Nuke, IndustSect.Hydro, IndustSect.HydroPS, IndustSect.ORenewable, IndustSect.OSources)
maxValue <- max(allIndust)
minValue <- min(allIndust)
	
    plot(Years, IndustSect.Coal, main="Industrial Sector", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col=colorsEU[1], axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(minValue,maxValue))
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Coal, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.Coal, pch=0, bg=colorsEU[1])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Petrol, col=colorsEU[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.Petrol, pch=1, bg=colorsEU[2])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.NGas, col=colorsEU[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.NGas, pch=2, bg=colorsEU[3])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.OGas, col=colorsEU[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.OGas, pch=5, bg=colorsEU[4])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Nuke, col=colorsEU[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colorsEU[5])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Hydro, col=colorsEU[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colorsEU[6])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.ORenewable, col=colorsEU[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colorsEU[7])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.HydroPS, col=colorsEU[8], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colorsEU[8])
	lines(Years, IndustSect.OSources, col=colorsEU[9], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndustSect.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndustSect.OSources, pch=24, bg=colorsEU[9])
    box()
```
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

	plot(8, 8, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE, xlim=c(0, 100), ylim = c(0,100))
	legend("left", inset=.05, title="Source", c("Coal","Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=colorsEU, horiz=FALSE)
	
```

\pagebreak


***Commerical Sector***

----------

1.  The number of other renewable plants increased by `r ComSect.ORenewable[11]-ComSect.ORenewable[1]` plants over the period from 2003 to 2013.
2.  Natural gas plants dropped from 2003 to 2008, then increased to `r ComSect.NGas[11]` in 2013.
3.  There was a small increase in petroleum plants to `r ComSect.ORenewable[11]` in 2013.
  
In 2013, there are `r ComSect.Coal[11]` coal plants, `r ComSect.Petrol[11]` petroleum plants, `r ComSect.NGas[11]` natural gas plants, `r ComSect.Nuke[11]` nuclear power plants, `r ComSect.Hydro[11]` conventional hydroelectric plants, `r ComSect.ORenewable[11]` other renewable plants, `r ComSect.HydroPS[11]` pumped storage hydroelectric plants, and `r ComSect.OSources[11]` other plants  in operation at electric utilities.  

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# Commercial Sector	
# color pattern is "matlab.like" from colorRamps package
colorsEU <- matlab.like(9)
allCom <- c(ComSect.Coal, ComSect.Petrol, ComSect.NGas, ComSect.OGas, ComSect.Nuke, ComSect.Hydro, ComSect.HydroPS, ComSect.ORenewable, ComSect.OSources)
maxValue <- max(allCom)
minValue <- min(allCom)
	
    plot(Years, ComSect.Coal, main="Commercial Sector", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col=colorsEU[1], axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(minValue,maxValue))
	lines(Years, ComSect.Coal, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.Coal, pch=0, bg=colorsEU[1])
	lines(Years, ComSect.Petrol, col=colorsEU[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.Petrol, pch=1, bg=colorsEU[2])
	lines(Years, ComSect.NGas, col=colorsEU[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.NGas, pch=2, bg=colorsEU[3])
	lines(Years, ComSect.OGas, col=colorsEU[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.OGas, pch=5, bg=colorsEU[4])
	lines(Years, ComSect.Nuke, col=colorsEU[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colorsEU[5])
	lines(Years, ComSect.Hydro, col=colorsEU[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colorsEU[6])
	lines(Years, ComSect.ORenewable, col=colorsEU[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colorsEU[7])
	lines(Years, ComSect.HydroPS, col=colorsEU[8], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colorsEU[8])
	lines(Years, ComSect.OSources, col=colorsEU[9], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, ComSect.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, ComSect.OSources, pch=24, bg=colorsEU[9])
    box()
```
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

	plot(8, 8, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE, xlim=c(0, 100), ylim = c(0,100))
	legend("left", inset=.05, title="Source", c("Coal","Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=colorsEU, horiz=FALSE)
	
```

\pagebreak


***Independent power producers, combined heat and electricity ***

-----------

1.  The number of natural gas plants dropped from `r IndepComb.NGas[1]` in 2003 to `r IndepComb.NGas[11]` in 2013.
2.  There was a small increase in the utilization of other renewable power plant sources to `r IndepComb.ORenewable[11]` in 2013.
3.  There was a small drop in the number of coal power plants.  Over the period from 2003 to 2013, there was an average drop of `r abs((IndepComb.ORenewable[11]-IndepComb.ORenewable[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1]))` per year.  
  
In 2013, there are `r IndepComb.Coal[11]` coal plants, `r IndepComb.Petrol[11]` petroleum plants, `r IndepComb.NGas[11]` natural gas plants, `r IndepComb.Nuke[11]` nuclear power plants, `r IndepComb.Hydro[11]` conventional hydroelectric plants, `r IndepComb.ORenewable[11]` other renewable plants, `r IndepComb.HydroPS[11]` pumped storage hydroelectric plants, and `r IndepComb.OSources[11]` other plants  in operation at electric utilities.  

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# Independent power producers, combined elec. with heat
# color pattern is "matlab.like" from colorRamps package
colorsEU <- matlab.like(9)
allIndep <- c(IndepComb.Coal, IndepComb.Petrol, IndepComb.NGas, IndepComb.OGas, IndepComb.Nuke, IndepComb.Hydro, IndepComb.HydroPS, IndepComb.ORenewable, IndepComb.OSources)
maxValue <- max(allIndep)
minValue <- min(allIndep)
	
    plot(Years, IndepComb.Coal, main="Independent Power Producers - Combined Heat and Electricity", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col=colorsEU[1], axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(minValue,maxValue))
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Coal, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.Coal, pch=0, bg=colorsEU[1])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Petrol, col=colorsEU[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.Petrol, pch=1, bg=colorsEU[2])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.NGas, col=colorsEU[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.NGas, pch=2, bg=colorsEU[3])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.OGas, col=colorsEU[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.OGas, pch=5, bg=colorsEU[4])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Nuke, col=colorsEU[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colorsEU[5])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Hydro, col=colorsEU[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colorsEU[6])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.ORenewable, col=colorsEU[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colorsEU[7])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.HydroPS, col=colorsEU[8], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colorsEU[8])
	lines(Years, IndepComb.OSources, col=colorsEU[9], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepComb.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepComb.OSources, pch=24, bg=colorsEU[9])
    box()
```
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

	plot(8, 8, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE, xlim=c(0, 100), ylim = c(0,100))
	legend("left", inset=.05, title="Source", c("Coal","Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=colorsEU, horiz=FALSE)
	
```

\pagebreak


***Independent power producers, not combined ***

---------

1.  Independent power producers (non-combined heat and electricity) utilized a substantial rise of `r IndepNComb.ORenewable[11]-IndepNComb.ORenewable[1]` other renewable-powered plants.  This corresponded to a mean increase of `r abs((IndepNComb.ORenewable[11]-IndepNComb.ORenewable[1])/(Years[11]-Years[1]))` plants per year. 
2.  No other plant sources showed a substantial change.
  
In 2013, there are `r IndepNComb.Coal[11]` coal plants, `r IndepNComb.Petrol[11]` petroleum plants, `r IndepNComb.NGas[11]` natural gas plants, `r IndepNComb.Nuke[11]` nuclear power plants, `r IndepNComb.Hydro[11]` conventional hydroelectric plants, `r IndepNComb.ORenewable[11]` other renewable plants, `r IndepNComb.HydroPS[11]` pumped storage hydroelectric plants, and `r IndepNComb.OSources[11]` other plants  in operation at electric utilities.  

```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=5.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

# Independent power producers, combined elec. with heat
# color pattern is "matlab.like" from colorRamps package
colorsEU <- matlab.like(9)
allIndepN <- c(IndepNComb.Coal, IndepNComb.Petrol, IndepNComb.NGas, IndepNComb.OGas, IndepNComb.Nuke, IndepNComb.Hydro, IndepNComb.HydroPS, IndepNComb.ORenewable, IndepNComb.OSources)
maxValue <- max(allIndepN)
minValue <- min(allIndepN)
	
    plot(Years, IndepNComb.Coal, main="Independent Power Producers - Heat and Electricity Separate", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Count of Electric Power Industry Power Plants", type="l", col=colorsEU[1], axes=TRUE, lwd = 3, bty='L',ylim=c(minValue,maxValue))
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Coal, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.Coal, pch=0, bg=colorsEU[1])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Petrol, col=colorsEU[2], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Petrol, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.Petrol, pch=1, bg=colorsEU[2])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.NGas, col=colorsEU[3], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.NGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.NGas, pch=2, bg=colorsEU[3])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.OGas, col=colorsEU[4], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.OGas, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.OGas, pch=5, bg=colorsEU[4])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Nuke, col=colorsEU[5], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Nuke, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.Nuke, pch=6, bg=colorsEU[5])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Hydro, col=colorsEU[6], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.Hydro, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.Hydro, pch=21, bg=colorsEU[6])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.ORenewable, col=colorsEU[7], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.ORenewable, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.ORenewable, pch=22, bg=colorsEU[7])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.HydroPS, col=colorsEU[8], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.HydroPS, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.HydroPS, pch=23, bg=colorsEU[8])
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.OSources, col=colorsEU[9], lwd=3)
	lines(Years, IndepNComb.OSources, lty=3)
	points(Years, IndepNComb.OSources, pch=24, bg=colorsEU[9])
    box()
```
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4.25, echo=FALSE, results='asis'}

	plot(8, 8, type="n", axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE, xlim=c(0, 100), ylim = c(0,100))
	legend("left", inset=.05, title="Source", c("Coal","Petroleum","Natural Gas","Other Gas","Nuclear","Hydroelectric","Other Renewable","Hydroelectric Pumped Storage","Other Sources"), fill=colorsEU, horiz=FALSE)
	
```
